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The following terms are commonly used by the [[ICANN]] Community.
The following terms are commonly used by the [[ICANN Community]], [[ICANN Board|Board]], and [[ICANN Organization|Organization ("Org")]].
==Communities of Practice==
==[[:Category:Communities of Practice|Communities of Practice]]==
* [[Constituency]] – a group of Internet users united around a particular common interest or perspective that is formally recognized by the GNSO Council.
* [[Data Protection Authority|DPAs]] – independent public authorities that supervise, through investigative and corrective powers, the application of data protection laws.
* [[GA]] – the General Assembly Mailing List is an open forum for participation for the GNSO.
* [[GA]] – the General Assembly Mailing List is an open forum for participation for the GNSO.
* [[ICANN Bodies]] – The structures that comprise the corporation that runs the technical operations of DNS resources and defines policies for how the names and numbers of the Internet should run.
* [[ICANN Bodies]] – The structures that comprise the corporation that runs the technical operations of DNS resources and defines policies for how the names and numbers of the Internet should run.
* [[ICANN Studienkreis]] – an open network of experts dedicated to organizing high-level seminars on Internet industry and governance
* [[ICANN Studienkreis]] – an open network of experts dedicated to organizing high-level seminars on Internet industry and governance
* [[IESG]] – the Internet Engineering Steering Group oversees the technical management of the IETF.
* [[IESG]] – the Internet Engineering Steering Group oversees the technical management of the IETF.
* [[MAG]] – The Multistakeholder Advisory Group was established by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan on May 17, 2006, to help him set-up the Internet Governance Forum
* [[MAG]] – The Multistakeholder Advisory Group was established by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on May 17, 2006, to help him set up the Internet Governance Forum
* [[PAB]] – The gTLD Policy Advisory Body comprising the signatories of the MoU, which was created along with the CORE and POC, to represent the voices of Internet stakeholders.
* [[PAB]] – The gTLD Policy Advisory Body comprising the signatories of the MoU, which was created along with the CORE and POC, to represent the voices of Internet stakeholders.
* [[RIPE]] – Reseaux IP Europeens is an open forum on the technical development of the Internet in Europe and abroad.
* [[RIPE]] – Reseaux IP Europeens is an open forum on the technical development of the Internet in Europe and abroad.
===Committees===
===[[:Category:Committees|Committees]]===
* [[Board Committees|ICANN Board Committees]] – all the ICANN board committees past and present
* [[BGC]] – a committee established to enhance the performance of the Board, lead the annual Board performance review, including the CEO, and recommend nominees for Board Chair, Vice Chair, and other leadership positions.
* [[BGC]] – a committee established to enhance the performance of the Board, lead the annual Board performance review, including the CEO, and recommend nominees for Board Chair, Vice Chair, and other leadership positions.
* [[CEO Search Committee]] – the committee formed following Rod Beckstrom's August 2011 announcement that he would not continue as CEO past 1 July 2012.
* [[CEO Search Committee]] – the committee formed following Rod Beckstrom's August 2011 announcement that he would not continue as CEO past 1 July 2012.
* [[IAHC]] – a temporary alliance formed in 1996 to manage the Domain Name System so that it could serve the rising number of computers effectively.
* [[IAOC]] – directs, supervises, and reviews [[IETF]] Administrative Support Activity
* [[IPOC]] – gTLD-MoU Interim Policy Oversight Committee
* [[IPOC]] – gTLD-MoU Interim Policy Oversight Committee
* [[OSC]] – GNSO Operations Steering Committee
* [[OSC]] – GNSO Operations Steering Committee
* [[PPSC]] – The Policy Process Steering Committee was established to review and recommend changes for the GNSO policy-making processes.
* [[SIC]] – The Structural Improvements Committee reviews policies and provides oversight, as part of ICANN's ongoing organizational review process.
* [[SIC]] – The Structural Improvements Committee reviews policies and provides oversight, as part of ICANN's ongoing organizational review process.
===Organizations===
===Organizations===
* [[AFRINIC]] – the RIR for Africa and the Indian Ocean
* [[AFRINIC]] – the RIR for Africa and the Indian Ocean
* [[AfTLD]] –
* [[AfTLD]] – a non-profit organization composed of registry operators in Africa.
* [[APNIC]] – the RIR for the Asia Pacific region.
* [[APNIC]] – the RIR for the Asia Pacific region.
* [[APTLD]] – the Association for ccTLD registries in the Asia Pacific region
* [[APTLD]] – the Association for ccTLD registries in the Asia Pacific region
* [[RISG]] – The Registration Infrastructure Security Group is a non-profit organization for finding solutions and developing best practices for decreasing Internet security threats.
* [[RISG]] – The Registration Infrastructure Security Group is a non-profit organization for finding solutions and developing best practices for decreasing Internet security threats.
* [[US ISPA]] – United States Internet Service Providers Association
* [[US ISPA]] – United States Internet Service Providers Association
* [[WIPO]] - World Intellectual Property Organization, a UN agency that provides a global forum for intellectual property services, policies, and information.
* [[WIPO]] – World Intellectual Property Organization, a UN agency that provides a global forum for intellectual property services, policies, and information.
* [[W3C]] An international industry consortium that develops protocols and guidelines to ensure the interoperability and growth of the World Wide Web.
* [[W3C]] – An international industry consortium that develops protocols and guidelines to ensure the interoperability and growth of the World Wide Web.
===Panels===
===Panels===
===Task Forces===
===Task Forces===
* [[IETF]] – The Internet Engineering Task Force is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet.
* [[IETF]] – The Internet Engineering Task Force is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet.
* [[IRTF]] – The Internet Research Task Force has focused, long-term research groups on the evolution of Internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology.
* [[IRTF]] – The Internet Research Task Force has focused, long-term research groups on the evolution of Internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology.
* [[PPFT]] – Policy Proposal Facilitator Team is appointed by the ASO AC to determine whether proposals require IANA actions.
* [[PPFT]] – Policy Proposal Facilitator Team is appointed by the ASO AC to determine whether proposals require IANA actions.
===Working Groups===
====[[Working Groups]]====
* [[APWG]] – Anti-Phishing Working Group is a global association working for the reduction and prevention of identity theft, phishing scams, fraud and malware.
* [[APWG]] – Anti-Phishing Working Group is a global association working for the reduction and prevention of identity theft, phishing scams, fraud and malware.
* [[ASIWG]] – Arabic Script IDN Working Group
* [[ASIWG]] – Arabic Script IDN Working Group
* [[CCWG-IG]] – Cross-Community Working Group on Internet Governance
* [[CCWG-IG]] – Cross-Community Working Group on Internet Governance
* [[FFWG]] – The Fast Flux Working Group was formed by ICANN in 2008 to deal with problems and gain expert opinion on the best use of fast flux and its scope for the GNSO.
* [[FFWG]] – The Fast Flux Working Group was formed by ICANN in 2008 to deal with problems and gain expert opinion on the best use of fast-flux and its scope for the GNSO.
* [[IDN WG]] An Internationalized Domain Name Working Group formed by the IETF in 2000 to develop standards for the use of non-ASCII scripts or characters in domain names; ICANN established its IDN Working Group in 2001.
* [[IDN WG]] – An Internationalized Domain Name Working Group formed by the IETF in 2000 to develop standards for the use of non-ASCII scripts or characters in domain names; ICANN established its IDN Working Group in 2001.
* [[JIG]] – The Joint ccNSO-GNSO IDN Working Group deals with the introduction of IDN ccTLDs under the Fast Track Implementation Process
* [[JIG]] – The Joint ccNSO-GNSO IDN Working Group deals with the introduction of IDN ccTLDs under the Fast Track Implementation Process
* [[M3AAWG]] – a global association of Internet service providers, telecom companies, email service providers, and social networking companies that targets abusive messaging, malware, and abuse by publishing best practices and training/educational materials on fighting abuse.
* [[M3AAWG]] – a global association of Internet service providers, telecom companies, email service providers, and social networking companies that targets abusive messaging, malware, and abuse by publishing best practices and training/educational materials on fighting abuse.
* [[RAP WG]] – The Registration Abuse Policies Working Group defines domain name registration abuse independently from abuse that occurs from the use of a registered domain name and identifies whether the issues fall under the purview of ICANN's mission.
* [[RAP WG]] – The Registration Abuse Policies Working Group defines domain name registration abuse independently from abuse that occurs from the use of a registered domain name and identifies whether the issues fall under the purview of ICANN's mission.
* [[VIWG]] – The Vertical Integration Working Group oversees gTLD issues that may arise when the functions of a Registry Operator and a Registrar are handled by a single body.
* [[VIWG]] – The Vertical Integration Working Group oversees gTLD issues that may arise when the functions of a Registry Operator and a Registrar are handled by a single body.
* [[WGIG]] – a multi-stakeholder working group established by the United Nations Secretary General Kofi Anan following WSIS to define Internet governance, identify policy issues, develop a common understanding of the roles of governments, international organizations, forums, the private sector, and civil society.
* [[WGIG]] – a multi-stakeholder working group established by the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Anan following WSIS to define Internet governance, identify policy issues, develop a common understanding of the roles of governments, international organizations, forums, the private sector, and civil society.
===[[Cross-Community Working Group|Cross-Community Working Groups]]===
* [[Cross Community Committee on Accessibility]]
* [[Cross Community Working Group on Enhancing ICANN Accountability]]
* [[Cross Community Working Group on Internet Governance]]
* [[Cross Community Working Group on New gTLD Auction Proceeds]]
* [[Cross Community Working Group on the Use of Country and Territory Names as Top-Level Domains]]
* [[Cross Community Working Party on ICANN's Corporate and Social Responsibility to Respect Human Rights]]
==Concepts==
==Concepts==
* [[End-to-end connectivity]] –
* [[Accountability]] – a commitment to maintaining and improving mechanisms for public input, responsibility, and transparency so that ICANN’s decision-making processes reflect the public interest and are accountable to the Internet community.
* [[Accuracy]] – the state of error-free records that can be used as a reliable source of information. Types of data accuracy discussed by the GNSO's Registration Data Accuracy Scoping Team include: syntactical, operational, and validated.
* [[Cyber Resiliency]] – the ability to anticipate, withstand, recover from, and adapt to adverse conditions, stresses, attacks, or compromises on cyber resources. It is the effectiveness of an entity's cybersecurity.
* [[Data Privacy]] the handling of sensitive information and the right to self-sovereignty via custody of personal information.
* [[DEI]]
* [[End-to-end connectivity]] – the system principle that network features should be implemented as close to endpoints as possible.
* [[Friction]] – disagreements and efforts to manage them within the Multistakeholder Model as applied to ICANN.
* [[Global Public Interest]] – a belief in weighing the various interests at play, determining how to best serve the interests of the general public, and deciding by which means.
* [[Internet Fragmentation]] – the danger of the Internet splitting into a series of cyberspace segments, thus endangering the connectivity of communication and innovation.
* [[Internet governance]] – the development of norms and principles relating to how the Internet functions by a group of stakeholders, such as governments, organizations, and commissions, and the regulation and administration of those principles by the parties involved.
* [[Interoperability]]
* [[Multistakeholder Model]] – approach to governance or policymaking that brings together the primary stakeholders, such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions, and non-government organizations, to engage in the dialogue, decision-making, and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals.
* [[Multistakeholder Model]] – approach to governance or policymaking that brings together the primary stakeholders, such as businesses, civil society, governments, research institutions, and non-government organizations, to engage in the dialogue, decision-making, and implementation of solutions to common problems or goals.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[Net Neutrality]] – determining the degree to which Internet Service Providers can selectively promote certain Internet content and applications to their customers, whether through Zero-Rating, paid prioritization, or other means.
* [[Open Data Initiative]] – providing open access to raw data for the ICANN community
* [[Open Data Initiative|Open Data]] – providing open access to raw data for the ICANN community
* [[SSR|Resiliency]] – the capacity of Internet Identifier Systems to withstand, tolerate, or survive attacks or other disruptions without interruption or cessation of service.
* [[SSR|Resiliency]] – the capacity of Internet Identifier Systems to withstand, tolerate, or survive attacks or other disruptions without interruption or cessation of service.
* [[Right to Be Forgotten]] – (aka Article 17 of the GDPR) refers to a subject's right to obligate the controller of the data in question the erasure of personal information without undue delay.
* [[Right to Be Forgotten]] – (aka Article 17 of the GDPR) refers to a subject's right to obligate the controller of the data in question the erasure of personal information without undue delay.
* [[SSR|Security]] – the capacity to protect Internet Identifier Systems and prevent misuse.
* [[SSR|Security]] – the capacity to protect Internet Identifier Systems and prevent misuse.
* [[SSR|Stability]] – the capacity to ensure that Internet Identifier Systems operate and user confidence them.
* [[SSR|Stability]] – the capacity to ensure that Internet Identifier Systems operate and user confidence them.
* [[Transparency]] – is the sharing of information and the perceived quality of the information shared.
* [[Trust]] – Trust is the belief and process leading to that belief in the reliability, truth, ability, or strength of someone or something.
* [[Universal Acceptance]] – The principle of accepting, validating, storing, processing, and displaying all domain names and email addresses evenly across all applications, devices, and systems.
* [[Universal Acceptance]] – The principle of accepting, validating, storing, processing, and displaying all domain names and email addresses evenly across all applications, devices, and systems.
* [[Universal Access]] – the concept that top-level domain names are accessible globally through any internet browser, server, email client, and computer program.
* [[Universal Access]] – the concept that top-level domain names are accessible globally through any internet browser, server, email client, and computer program.
==Databases==
==Databases==
* [[IRR]] – a database of Internet route objects for determining and sharing information for configuring routers and avoiding issues between Internet service providers
* [[PSL]] – The Public Suffix List is a database of TLDs including the respective registry's policies on domain registrations at different levels.
* [[PSL]] – The Public Suffix List is a database of TLDs including the respective registry's policies on domain registrations at different levels.
* [[RBL]]s – reputation block lists include the domain names, URLs, and IP addresses of known security threats and incoming spam messages by security systems.
* [[RBL]]s – reputation block lists include the domain names, URLs, and IP addresses of known security threats and incoming spam messages by security systems.
==Documents==
==Documents==
* [[ACPA]] – U.S. legislation to protect services or trademarks against cybersquatting.
* [[ACPA]] – U.S. legislation to protect services or trademarks against cybersquatting.
* [[Affirmation of Commitments]] - a 2009 agreement between the U.S. Department of Commerce and ICANN, and the basis for [[ICANN Reviews#Specific Reviews|Specific Reviews]].
* [[Applicant Guidebook]] – ICANN guidebook for applying for new gTLDs in the New gTLD Program
* [[Applicant Guidebook]] – ICANN guidebook for applying for new gTLDs in the New gTLD Program
* [[ICANN Bylaws]] – the document outlining ICANN's mission, core values, and organizational structures and procedures.
* [[ICANN Bylaws]] – the document outlining ICANN's mission, core values, and organizational structures and procedures.
===Policies===
===Policies===
* [[Add Grace Period Limits Policy]] – an ICANN-Accredited registrar shan't receive a refund on domain names deleted during the AGP that were above 10% of the registrar's net new registrations in that month, or 50 domain names.
* [[Add Grace Period Limits Policy]] – an ICANN-Accredited registrar shan't receive a refund on domain names deleted during the AGP that were above 10% of the registrar's net new registrations in that month, or 50 domain names.
* [[Additional Whois Information Policy]] –
* [[Additional Whois Information Policy]] – obligates ICANN-accredited registrars and gTLD registries to provide query-based access to registration data via web pages and Port 43 and include Whois output information to help users identify their sponsoring registrar and status codes.
* [[Consensus Policies]] – ICANN-developed policies that accredited registrars and registry operators are required to follow.
* [[Consensus Policy]] – ICANN-developed policy that accredited registrars and registry operators are required to follow.
* [[Expired Domain Deletion Policy]] –
* [[Expired Domain Deletion Policy]] – outlines the circumstances under which a Registrar can or cannot delete a domain name registration that has not been renewed
* [[Expired Registration Recovery Policy]] –
* [[Expired Registration Recovery Policy]] – ensures that registrants of expiring domain names receive multiple notices from their registrar that their names are going to expire.
* [[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error.
* [[Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy]] – the policy developed by ICANN for the safe, straight-forward transfer of domain names from one registrar to another, dispute resolution, and undoing the transfer if it was done as a result of an error.
* [[Interim Registration Data Policy for gTLDs]] –
* [[Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data#Interim Registration Data Policy for gTLDs|Interim Registration Data Policy for gTLDs]] – requires gTLD registry operators and ICANN-accredited registrars to continue implementing measures consistent with the Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data.
* [[PEDNR]] – The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery policy is for registrants who wish to recover a domain name after it has already expired.
* [[PEDNR]] – The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery policy is for registrants who wish to recover a domain name after it has already expired.
* [[Protection of IGO and INGO Identifier in All gTLDs Policy]] –
* [[Protection of IGO and INGO Identifiers in All gTLDs Policy]] – protects identifiers for the Red Cross, International Olympic Committee, International Governmental Organizations, and International Non-Governmental Organizations.
* [[Registry Registration Data Directory Services Consistent Labeling and Display Policy]]
* [[Registry Registration Data Directory Services Consistent Labeling and Display Policy]] – sought to align how registries and registrars label and display registration data.
* [[Registry Services Evaluation Policy]] –
* [[RSEP#History|Registry Services Evaluation Policy]] – established protocols designed to screen and approve proposals made by gTLD operators to add or modify registry services.
* [[Restored Names Accuracy Policy]] –
* [[Restored Names Accuracy Policy]] – addresses how registrars handle domain registrations deleted due to inaccurate Whois information.
* [[Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy]] –
* [[Registrar Accreditation Agreement#History|Statement of Registrar Accreditation Policy]] – established the guidelines for the agreement governing the relationship between ICANN and its accredited registrars.
* [[TDRP]] – The Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy is a procedure for two registrars who have a dispute over Inter-Registrar domain name transfers.
* [[TDRP|Transfer Dispute Resolution Policy]] – established the procedure for two registrars who have a dispute over Inter-Registrar domain name transfers.
* [[Thick RDDS Transition Policy]] –
* [[Whois#Thick Whois|Thick RDDS Transition Policy]] – required that registries begin accepting Thick registration data from registrars for .com, .net, and .jobs names on November 30, 2019; that all new domain name registrations be Thick by May 31, 2020; and that all relevant registration data for existing domain names be migrated from Thin to Thick by November 30, 2020
* [[Whois Data Reminder Policy]] –
* [[Whois Data Reminder Policy]] – mandates that registrars send their registrants a yearly reminder to review their contact information.
* [[Whois Marketing Restriction Policy]] –
* [[Whois Marketing Restriction Policy]] – restricts third-party bulk access to Whois data for marketing purposes in the Registrar Accreditation Agreement.
==Events==
==Events==
* [[IRIS]] – Internet Registry Information Service, developed to replace WHOIS, is an application layer client-server protocol for a framework to represent the query-and-result operations of the information services of Internet registries.
* [[IRIS]] – Internet Registry Information Service, developed to replace WHOIS, is an application layer client-server protocol for a framework to represent the query-and-result operations of the information services of Internet registries.
* [[LDAP]] – a software protocol for enabling anyone to locate organizations, individuals, and other resources such as files and devices in a network, whether on the public Internet or on a corporate intranet.
* [[LDAP]] – a software protocol for enabling anyone to locate organizations, individuals, and other resources such as files and devices in a network, whether on the public Internet or on a corporate intranet.
* [[RSAP]] – the HTTP-based protocol that replaces WHOIS, providing access to information about current domain name registrations and IP address allocations.
* [[RDAP]] – the HTTP-based protocol that replaces WHOIS, providing access to information about current domain name registrations and IP address allocations.
* [[SSL]] – the cryptographic predecessor to Transport Layer Security (TLS) for providing communications security over a computer network.
* [[SSL]] – the cryptographic predecessor to Transport Layer Security (TLS) for providing communications security over a computer network.
* [[TCP/IP]] – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (aka Internet Protocol Suite) serves as the industry standard in connecting networks to networks.
* [[TCP/IP]] – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (aka Internet Protocol Suite) serves as the industry standard in connecting networks to networks.
* [[Local Area Network]] – a network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
* [[Local Area Network]] – a network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus, or office building.
* [[Proxy server]] – an application or appliance that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from servers that provide those resources.
* [[Proxy server]] – an application or appliance that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from servers that provide those resources.
* [[Domain Name Resolvers]] the computers used by ISPs to respond to a user request to resolve a domain name, that is, to translate it into an IP Address.
* [[Domain Name Resolvers]] – the computers used by ISPs to respond to a user request to resolve a domain name, that is, to translate it into an IP Address.
* [[Virtual Private Network]] – uses public network infrastructures to provide connection or communication services for users who are traveling or in remote areas.
* [[Virtual Private Network]] – uses public network infrastructures to provide connection or communication services for users who are traveling or in remote areas.
* [[Wide Area Network]] – a data communications network in which computers, separated by a distance of more than half a mile, can be connected.
* [[Wide Area Network]] – a data communications network in which computers, separated by a distance of more than half a mile, can be connected.
* [[IANA]] – managing the DNS root zone, the .int registry, and the .arpa zone; coordinating and allocating the global IP respectively AS number space to Regional Internet Registries; and providing the main repository for number registries and protocol names.
* [[IANA]] – managing the DNS root zone, the .int registry, and the .arpa zone; coordinating and allocating the global IP respectively AS number space to Regional Internet Registries; and providing the main repository for number registries and protocol names.
* [[IANA Functions Stewardship Transition]] – a process and community discussion regarding the United States government's NTIA's provision of the IANA functions to the global Internet community, spearheaded by ICANN.
* [[IANA Functions Stewardship Transition]] – a process and community discussion regarding the United States government's NTIA's provision of the IANA functions to the global Internet community, spearheaded by ICANN.
* [[Internet Standards Process]] – the IETF-recommended process that a specification undergoes involving developments, iterations of review, revision, and ultimately adoption and publication.
* [[Internet Standards Process]] the IETF-recommended process that a specification undergoes involving developments, iterations of review, revision, and ultimately adoption and publication.
* [[Name Resolution]] – the process of transforming a domain name to its corresponding IP address.
* [[Name Resolution]] – The process of transforming a domain name to its corresponding IP address.
* [[Routing]] – the process of selecting a path for traffic in a network or between or across multiple networks.
==Problems==
==Problems==
==Processes==
==Processes==
* [[ICANN Reviews]] – bylaw-established processes to ensure that ICANN is performing its mission and check the health of the multistakeholder model, transparency and accountability, organizational effectiveness, and DNS security and stability.
* [[ICANN Reviews#Organizational Reviews|Organizational Reviews]] – one type of ICANN Review; the periodic, independent assessment of the performance and operation of ICANN's SOs, ACs, and NomCom.
* [[ICANN Reviews#Specific Reviews|Specific Reviews]] –
===Mechanisms===
===Mechanisms===
* [[Batching]] – ICANN's process for dividing applications for the new gTLD program into batches.
* [[Batching]] – ICANN's process for dividing applications for the new gTLD program into batches.
* [[New gTLD Objection]] – a mechanism for businesses, applicants, organizations, or individuals to give objection arguments as to why a certain TLD should not be delegated.
* [[New gTLD Objection]] – a mechanism for businesses, applicants, organizations, or individuals to give objection arguments as to why a certain TLD should not be delegated.
* [[EPDP]] – an expedited policy development process, led by the GNSO, (1) to address a narrowly defined policy issue that was identified and scoped after either the adoption of a GNSO policy recommendation by the Board; or (2) to create new or additional recommendations for a specific policy issue that had been substantially scoped previously.
* [[EPDP]] – an expedited policy development process, led by the GNSO, (1) to address a narrowly defined policy issue that was identified and scoped after either the adoption of a GNSO policy recommendation by the Board; or (2) to create new or additional recommendations for a specific policy issue that had been substantially scoped previously.
* [[PDP]] – the steps an ICANN Supporting Organization takes to fulfill its objectives, generate its guidelines, and structure its actions for recommendation to the ICANN Board.
* [[PDP]] – the steps an ICANN Supporting Organization takes to fulfill its objectives, generate its guidelines, and structure its actions for recommendation to the ICANN Board.
* [[Pre-Delegation Testing]] – a process allowing ICANN to determine whether registries meet the specific technical and operational requirements to maintain a new gTLD.
* [[Pre-Delegation Testing]] – a process allowing ICANN to determine whether registries meet the specific technical and operational requirements to maintain a new gTLD.
====[[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]]====
====[[ICANN Accountability|Accountability Mechanisms]]====
* [[Empowered Community]] – oversees the legal enforcement of the community powers of ICANN's Supporting Organizations (SOs) and Advisory Committees (ACs) under California law.
* [[ICANN Empowered Community]] – oversees the legal enforcement of the community powers of ICANN's Supporting Organizations (SOs) and Advisory Committees (ACs) under California law.
* [[IRP]] – the independent review process involves the third-party evaluation of actions, decisions, or resolutions made by the ICANN Board
* [[IRP]] – the independent review process involves the third-party evaluation of actions, decisions, or resolutions made by the ICANN Board
* [[Ombudsman]] – the office that helps individuals engage in dispute resolutions, file complaints or take actions in response to ICANN staff, board or supporting organization decisions.
* [[Ombudsman]] – the office that helps individuals engage in dispute resolutions, file complaints or take actions in response to ICANN staff, board or supporting organization decisions.
===Practices===
===Practices===
====Accepted====
* [[Cryptography]] – the practice of techniques for securing communication.
* [[Data Escrow]] – storing data with a neutral third party in case of registry or registrar failure, accreditation termination, or accreditation relapse without renewal.
* [[Data Escrow]] – storing data with a neutral third party in case of registry or registrar failure, accreditation termination, or accreditation relapse without renewal.
* [[Defensive Registration]] – registering domain names, often across multiple TLDs and in various grammatical formats, to protect intellectual property from DNS abuse.
* [[Defensive Registration]] – registering domain names, often across multiple TLDs and in various grammatical formats, to protect intellectual property from DNS abuse.
* [[Delegation]] – entering a new TLD into the Root Zone of the Internet.
* [[Delegation]] – entering a new TLD into the Root Zone of the Internet.
* [[Direct Navigation]] – visiting a website while bypassing online search engines to arrive at the desired domain.
* [[Direct Navigation]] – visiting a website while bypassing online search engines to arrive at the desired domain.
* [[Domain Locking]] (aka Registry or Registrar locking) – locking a domain name so that it cannot be transferred or altered without the explicit permission of the registrant.
* [[Domain Locking]] (aka registry or registrar locking) – locking a domain name so that it cannot be transferred or altered without the explicit permission of the registrant.
* [[Domain Monetization]] – purchasing domain names and then either selling, leasing, or parking them to earn money.
* [[Domain Monetization]] – purchasing domain names and then either selling, leasing, or parking them to earn money.
* [[Domain Parking]] registering a domain name to a page that acts as a placeholder, perhaps to advertise the sale of the domain or as a standby page before the owner adds content.
* [[Domain Parking]] – registering a domain name to a page that acts as a placeholder, perhaps to advertise the sale of the domain or as a standby page before the owner adds content.
* [[Domain Privacy]] – service provided by registrars that prevents registrants' information from being listed in the WHOIS database.
* [[Domain Privacy]] – service provided by registrars that prevents registrants' information from being listed in the WHOIS database.
* [[Domain Tasting]] – using the free five-day grace period at the beginning of ICANN's registration process to test the marketability of a specific domain name.
* [[Domain Tasting]] – using the free five-day grace period at the beginning of ICANN's registration process to test the marketability of a specific domain name.
* [[Drop-Catching]] – the auto-registration of domains at the moment of their deletion.
* [[Drop-Catching]] – the auto-registration of domains at the moment of their deletion.
* [[SEO]] – Search Engine Optimization is a process undertaken by webmasters to increase the number of visitors to a particular website by trying to move up its ranking on a search engine's search results page.
* [[Vertical Integration]] – A single body handling the Registry Operator and the Registrar.
====Discouraged====
* [[Cybercrime]] –
* [[Cybersquatting]] – attempting to profit by purchasing domain names made of marketable and trademark-related terms and later reselling or licensing those names back to the companies that developed the trademark
* [[Domain Kiting]] – returning a name just before the five-day period expires and re-registering it again as soon as it becomes available.
* [[Domain Slamming]] – sending fake renewal notices or bills to domain name registrants that are actually disguised service transfer notices
* [[Fast Flux]] – a technique to evade identification and thwart anti-crime efforts aimed at identifying and shutting down websites used for illegal purposes.
* [[Fast Flux]] – a technique to evade identification and thwart anti-crime efforts aimed at identifying and shutting down websites used for illegal purposes.
* [[Reverse Domain Name Hijacking]] – using trademark protection mechanisms, such as ICANN's UDRP or the ACPA, in bad faith to acquire a domain name when the owner has legitimate rights to it.
* [[Reverse Domain Name Hijacking]] – using trademark protection mechanisms, such as ICANN's UDRP or the ACPA, in bad faith to acquire a domain name when the owner has legitimate rights to it.
* [[SEO]] – Search Engine Optimization is a process undertaken by webmasters to increase the number of visitors to a particular website by trying to move up its ranking on a search engine's search results page.
* [[Spam]] – Sending unsolicited bulk emails, with substantively identical content, to recipients who have not granted permission for the message to be sent.
====[[DNS Abuse]]====
====DNS Abuse====
* [[Botnet Attacks]] – infecting Internet-connected computers with malware and commanding them to perform activities under the control of a remote administrator.
* [[Botnet Attacks]] – infecting Internet-connected computers with malware and commanding them to perform activities under the control of a remote administrator.
* [[Cache Poisoning]] – causing a DNS resolver to respond with a false IP address bearing malicious code.
* [[Cache Poisoning]] – causing a DNS resolver to respond with a false IP address bearing malicious code.
* [[DDoS Attack]] – flooding a victim site with incoming traffic that originates from many different sources, making it impossible to access the site or stop the attack by blocking a single source.
* [[DDoS Attack]] – flooding a victim site with incoming traffic that originates from many different sources, making it impossible to access the site or stop the attack by blocking a single source.
* [[DNS Hijacking]] – redirecting victims to the attacker’s site instead of the one initially requested.
* [[Domain Name Hijacking]] – redirecting victims to the attacker’s site instead of the one initially requested.
* [[Malware]] – installing malicious software, such as viruses, spyware, or ransomware, on a device without the user’s consent, to disrupt the device’s operations, gather sensitive information, or access private computer systems.
* [[Malware]] – installing malicious software, such as viruses, spyware, or ransomware, on a device without the user’s consent, to disrupt the device’s operations, gather sensitive information, or access private computer systems.
* [[Pharming]] – redirecting unknowing users to fraudulent sites or services through DNS hijacking or poisoning.
* [[Pharming]] – redirecting unknowing users to fraudulent sites or services through DNS hijacking or poisoning.
* [[Phishing]] – the acquisition of personal and financial information through deceptive means such as fraudulent emails, copies of legitimate websites, brand spoofing, and carding.
* [[Phishing]] – the acquisition of personal and financial information through deceptive means such as fraudulent emails, copies of legitimate websites, brand spoofing, and carding.
* [[Social Engineering Attacks]] – practices that exploit people’s inclinations to trust and help others, often in aid of DNS abuse.
* [[Typosquatting]] – the intentional registration of misspellings of popular website addresses to garner traffic; aka URL hijacking.
* [[Typosquatting]] – the intentional registration of misspellings of popular website addresses to garner traffic; aka URL hijacking.
====[[DNS Abuse Responses]]====
* [[Cybersecurity]] –
* [[Cryptography]] –
==Roles==
==Roles==
* [[Qualified Launch Program]] – when a registry operator can register a limited number of domain names to third parties before the Sunrise Period begins.
* [[Qualified Launch Program]] – when a registry operator can register a limited number of domain names to third parties before the Sunrise Period begins.
* [[Sunrise Period]] – domain registration period during which trademark holders may preregister names that are the same or similar to their trademarks to avoid cybersquatting. It is prior to the general launch of the TLD.
* [[Sunrise Period]] – domain registration period during which trademark holders may preregister names that are the same or similar to their trademarks to avoid cybersquatting. It is prior to the general launch of the TLD.
* [[Trademark Claims Period]] following the Sunrise Period, during the first 90 days of general registration in a new gTLD, registrants are alerted if their attempted domain names match trademarks in the Trademark Clearinghouse.
* [[Trademark Claims Period]] – following the Sunrise Period, during the first 90 days of general registration in a new gTLD, registrants are alerted if their attempted domain names match trademarks in the Trademark Clearinghouse.